Chapter I.
Subjects seldom spoken of by Confucius.
The subjects of which the Master seldom spoke were -- profitableness, and also the appointments of Heaven, and perfect virtue.
Chapter II.
Amusement of Confucius at the remark of an ignorant man about him.
1. A man of the village of Tâ-hsiang said, "Great indeed is the philosopher K'ung! His learning is extensive, and yet he does not render his name famous by any particular thing."
2. The Master heard the observation, and said to his disciples, "What shall I practice? Shall I practice charioteering, or shall I practice archery? I will practice charioteering."
Chapter III.
Some common practices indifferent and others not.
1. The Master said, "The linen cap is that prescribed by the rules of ceremony, but now a silk one is worn. It is economical, and I follow the common practice.
2. "The rules of ceremony prescribe the bowing below the hall, but now the practice is to bow only after ascending it. That is arrogant. I continue to bow below the hall, though I oppose the common practice."
Chapter IV.
Frailties from which Confucius was free.
There were four things from which the Master was entirely free. He had no foregone conclusions, no arbitrary predeterminations, no obstinacy, and no egoism.
Chapter V.
Confucius assured in a time of danger by his conviction of a divine mission.
1. The Master was put in fear in K'wang.
2. He said, "After the death of King Wan, was not the cause of truth lodged here in me?
3. "If Heaven had wished to let this cause of truth perish, then I, a future mortal, should not have got such a relation to that cause. While Heaven does not let the cause of truth perish, what can the people of K'wang do to me?"
Chapter VI.
On the various ability of Confucius:-- his sagehood not therein.
1. A high officer asked Tsze-kung, saying, "May we not say that your Master is a sage? How various is his ability!"
2. Tsze-kung said, "Certainly Heaven has endowed him unlimitedly. He is about a sage. And, moreover, his ability is various."
3. The Master heard of the conversation and said, "Does the high officer know me? When I was young, my condition was low, and therefore I acquired my ability in many things, but they were mean matters. Must the superior man have such variety of ability? He does not need variety of ability."
4. Lâo said, "The Master said, 'Having no official employment, I acquired many arts.'"
Chapter VII.
Confucius disclaims the knowledge attributed to him, and declares his earnestness in teaching.
The Master said, "Am I indeed possessed of knowledge? I am not knowing. But if a mean person, who appears quite empty-like, ask anything of me, I set it forth from one end to the other, and exhaust it."
Chapter VIII.
For want of auspicious omens, Confucius gives up the hope of the triumph of his doctrines.
The Master said, "The FANG bird does not come; the river sends forth no map:-- it is all over with me!"
Chapter IX.
Confucius's sympathy with sorrow, respect for rank, and pity for misfortune.
When the Master saw a person in a mourning dress, or any one with the cap and upper and lower garments of full dress, or a blind person, on observing them approaching, though they were younger than himself, he would rise up, and if he had to pass by them, he would do so hastily.
Chapter X.
Yen Yüan's admiration of his master's doctrines; and his own progress in them.
1. Yen Yüan, in admiration of the Master's doctrines, sighed and said, "I looked up to them, and they seemed to become more high; I tried to penetrate them, and they seemed to become more firm; I looked at them before me, and suddenly they seemed to be behind.
2. "The Master, by orderly method, skillfully leads men on. He enlarged my mind with learning, and taught me the restraints of propriety.
3. "When I wish to give over the study of his doctrines, I cannot do so, and having exerted all my ability, there seems something to stand right up before me; but though I wish to follow and lay hold of it, I really find no way to do so."
Chapter XI.
Confucius's dislike of pretension, and contentment with his condition.
1. The Master being very ill, Tsze-lû wished the disciples to act as ministers to him.
2. During a remission of his illness, he said, "Long has the conduct of Yû been deceitful! By pretending to have ministers when I have them not, whom should I impose upon? Should I impose upon Heaven?
3. "Moreover, than that I should die in the hands of ministers, is it not better that I should die in the hands of you, my disciples? And though I may not get a great burial, shall I die upon the road?"
Chapter XII.
How the desire for office should be qualified by self-respect.
Tsze-kung said, "There is a beautiful gem here. Should I lay it up in a case and keep it? or should I seek for a good price and sell it?" The Master said, "Sell it! Sell it! But I would wait for one to offer the price."
Chapter XIII.
How barbarians can be civilized.
1. The Master was wishing to go and live among the nine wild tribes of the east.
2. Some one said, "They are rude. How can you do such a thing?" The Master said, "If a superior man dwelt among them, what rudeness would there be?"
Chapter XIV.
Confucius's services in correcting the music of his native State and adjusting the Book of Poetry.
The Master said, "I returned from Wei to Lû, and then the music was reformed, and the pieces in the Royal songs and Praise songs all found their proper places."
Chapter XV.
Confucius's very humble estimate of himself.
The Master said, "Abroad, to serve the high ministers and nobles; at home, to serve one's father and elder brothers; in all duties to the dead, not to dare not to exert one's self; and not to be overcome of wine:-- which one of these things do I attain to?"
Chapter XVI.
How Confucius was affected by a running stream.
The Master standing by a stream, said, "It passes on just like this, not ceasing day or night!"
Chapter XVII.
The rarity of a sincere love of virtue.
The Master said, "I have not seen one who loves virtue as he loves beauty."
Chapter XVIII.
That learners should not cease nor intermit their labours.
The Master said, "The prosecution of learning may be compared to what may happen in raising a mound. If there want but one basket of earth to complete the work, and I stop, the stopping is my own work. It may be compared to throwing down the earth on the level ground. Though but one basketful is thrown at a time, the advancing with it is my own going forward."
Chapter XIX.
Hûi the earnest student.
The Master said, "Never flagging when I set forth anything to him;-- ah! that is Hûi."
Chapter XX.
Confucius's fond recollection of Hûi as a model student.
The Master said of Yen Yüan, "Alas! I saw his constant advance. I never saw him stop in his progress."
Chapter XXI.
It is the end which crowns the work.
The Master said, "There are cases in which the blade springs, but the plant does not go on to flower! There are cases where it flowers but no fruit is subsequently produced!"
Chapter XXII.
How and why a youth should be regarded with respect.
The Master said, "A youth is to be regarded with respect. How do we know that his future will not be equal to our present? If he reach the age of forty or fifty, and has not made himself heard of, then indeed he will not be worth being regarded with respect."
Chapter XXIII.
The hopelessness of the case of those who assent and approve without reformation or serious thought.
The Master said, "Can men refuse to assent to the words of strict admonition? But it is reforming the conduct because of them which is valuable. Can men refuse to be pleased with words of gentle advice? But it is unfolding their aim which is valuable. If a man be pleased with these words, but does not unfold their aim, and assents to those, but does not reform his conduct, I can really do nothing with him."
Chapter XXIV.
See Book I Chapter VIII.
The Master said, "Hold faithfulness and sincerity as first principles. Have no friends not equal to yourself. When you have faults, do not fear to abandon them."
Chapter XXV.
The will unsubduable.
The Master said, "The commander of the forces of a large state may be carried off, but the will of even a common man cannot be taken from him."
Chapter XXVI.
Tsze-Lû's brave contentment in poverty, but failure to seek the highest aims.
1. The Master said, "Dressed himself in a tattered robe quilted with hemp, yet standing by the side of men dressed in furs, and not ashamed;-- ah! it is Yû who is equal to this!
2. "He dislikes none, he covets nothing;-- what can he do but what is good!"
3. Tsze-lû kept continually repeating these words of the ode, when the Master said, "Those things are by no means sufficient to constitute perfect excellence."
Chapter XXVII.
Men are known in times of adversity.
The Master said, "When the year becomes cold, then we know how the pine and the cypress are the last to lose their leaves."
Chapter XXVIII.
The sequences of wisdom, virtue, and bravery.
The Master said, "The wise are free from perplexities; the virtuous from anxiety; and the bold from fear."
Chapter XXIX.
How different individuals stop at different stages of progress.
The Master said, "There are some with whom we may study in common, but we shall find them unable to go along with us to principles. Perhaps we may go on with them to principles, but we shall find them unable to get established in those along with us. Or if we may get so established along with them, we shall find them unable to weigh occurring events along with us."
Chapter XXX.
The necessity of reflection.
1. "How the flowers of the aspen-plum flutter and turn! Do I not think of you? But your house is distant."
2. The Master said, "It is the want of thought about it. How is it distant?"