Chapter I.
Demeanour of Confucius in his village, in the ancestral temple, and in the court.
1. Confucius, in his village, looked simple and sincere, and as if he were not able to speak.
2. When he was in the prince's ancestral temple, or in the court, he spoke minutely on every point, but cautiously.
Chapter 2.
Demeanor of Confucius at court with other great officers, and before the prince.
1. When he was waiting at court, in speaking with the great officers of the lower grade, he spoke freely, but in a straightforward manner; in speaking with those of the higher grade, he did so blandly, but precisely.
2. When the ruler was present, his manner displayed respectful uneasiness; it was grave, but self-possessed.
Chapter 3.
Demeanor of Confucius at the official reception of a visitor.
1. When the prince called him to employ him in the reception of a visitor, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to move forward with difficulty.
2. He inclined himself to the other officers among whom he stood, moving his left or right arm, as their position required, but keeping the skirts of his robe before and behind evenly adjusted.
3. He hastened forward, with his arms like the wings of a bird.
4. When the guest had retired, he would report to the prince, "The visitor is not turning round any more."
Chapter 4.
Demeanor of Confucius in the court at an audience.
1. When he entered the palace gate, he seemed to bend his body, as if it were not sufficient to admit him.
2. When he was standing, he did not occupy the middle of the gateway; when he passed in or out, he did not tread upon the threshold.
3. When he was passing the vacant place of the prince, his countenance appeared to change, and his legs to bend under him, and his words came as if he hardly had breath to utter them.
4. He ascended the reception hall, holding up his robe with both his hands, and his body bent; holding in his breath also, as if he dared not breathe.
5. When he came out from the audience, as soon as he had descended one step, he began to relax his countenance, and had a satisfied look. When he had got the bottom of the steps, he advanced rapidly to his place, with his arms like wings, and on occupying it, his manner still showed respectful uneasiness.
Chapter 5.
Demeanor of Confucius when employed on a friendly embassy.
1. When he was carrying the scepter of his ruler, he seemed to bend his body, as if he were not able to bear its weight. He did not hold it higher than the position of the hands in making a bow, nor lower than their position in giving anything to another. His countenance seemed to change, and look apprehensive, and he dragged his feet along as if they were held by something to the ground.
2. In presenting the presents with which he was charged, he wore a placid appearance.
3. At his private audience, he looked highly pleased.
Chapter 6.
Rules of Confucius in regard to his dress.
1. The superior man did not use a deep purple, or a puce color, in the ornaments of his dress.
2. Even in his undress, he did not wear anything of a red or reddish color.
3. In warm weather, he had a single garment either of coarse or fine texture, but he wore it displayed over an inner garment.
4. Over lamb's fur he wore a garment of black; over fawn's fur one of white; and over fox's fur one of yellow.
5. The fur robe of his undress was long, with the right sleeve short.
6. He required his sleeping dress to be half as long again as his body.
7. When staying at home, he used thick furs of the fox or the badger.
8. When he put off mourning, he wore all the appendages of the girdle.
9. His undergarment, except when it was required to be of the curtain shape, was made of silk cut narrow above and wide below.
10. He did not wear lamb's fur or a black cap on a visit of condolence.
11. On the first day of the month he put on his court robes, and presented himself at court.
Chapter 7.
Rules observed by Confucius when fasting.
1. When fasting, he thought it necessary to have his clothes brightly clean and made of linen cloth.
2. When fasting, he thought it necessary to change his food, and also to change the place where he commonly sat in the apartment.